英语选择类问句式排除式不完整的陈述句式细节理解

英语选择类问句式排除式不完整的陈述句式细节理解
近年来的阅读理解题中，细节题占有很大的比例。旨在考查学生对所读材料的基本信息的掌握和理解情况，一般只针对文章中某一特定细节，也可能涉及若干个细节。此类试题一般要可分为两种：一是直接理解题，答案可在原文中直接找到；二是间接理解题，答案是原文中有关词语和句子的转换，而不能在原文直接找到。
出题的方式主要有以下三种：
（1）问句式。多以特殊疑问句形式呈现。Who/What/Where/Which/When/How等是细节理解题的标志。问题主要涉及人物、时间、地点、原因、数字等。常见的命题形式有：
How did something happen?
What does/did somebody/something do?
(2) 排除式。这类题与是非题实际上同出一辙。用于询问文中所述事实的真实性或非真实性。一般含有“true 或not true”等词语。常见的命题形式有：
Which of the following statements is (not) TRUE?

Which of the following is NOT included in the passage?

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(3) 不完整的陈述句式。要求考生选出的答案与题干构成的句子在意义上与原文内容相符。题干为不完整的陈述句部分，而选项为完形部分。常见的命题形式有：
People are looking for better ways to ____________________.
The reason why he did it was __________________________.
做这种题要从以下几方面入手：
（1）问句式的细节理解题可采用“对号入座”的办法，即带着问题找句子。首先看文章后面的问题，确定每道题提问的中心，这样考生就可以带着问题去阅读文章，做到有的放矢。当读到有关解答提问中心的信息时，可以在原文信息下划线的同时，把问题的题号也标出来，便于节省时间和最后检查。在原文中找出提问中心的解答信息后，可把原文信息放到问题中去，与第一选项进行对照，与原文信息相符的那个选项，即是正确答案。
(2) 排除式的细节理解题其答案或是被排除在文章内容之外，或是只有正确答案包括在文章内容之中。因此，在解答时首先要仔细阅读题后的选项，牢记各个项目所阐述的不同内容。然后带着这些不同的内容去阅读原文。并逐一排除错误选项。
(3) 不完整的陈述句式的答案与原文在字面上有时差异很大，通常要找出与前句的内容在逻辑上的联系，因此答这类题时准确理解是关键。

1 Last month, some volunteers from Xi’an went to a middle school in the mountain area. They gave away 40 beds, 2 computers and hundreds of books to the students. The school lies deep in the mountains. Students have to live in the school. But the school was too poor to provide beds for them, so they had to sleep on the desks. Thanks to the volunteers, now the students can sleep on their own beds in the school.
2 The Zapps, from Argentina ( 阿根廷), began their tour in their old cars several years ago. They travelled to over 40 countries with four kids. Many people wondered what made them travel around the world. They said, “It’s just one dream, a big dream, from Argentina to the whole world. Thanks to those who supported us during our journey, our dream came true in the end.” Do you want to see your dream come true? If so, why not start right away?
3 Jack Tsonis and Lindsay Morrison in Sydney decided to do something special on the UN’s International Day of Peace. They both loved peace. They both wanted to break the world record for the longest handshake to bring more love and peace to the world. To break the world record, they needed to shake hands for over 11 hours without a stop. Finally they make it. Their arms hurt a lot, but they were very happy.
46. The volunteer gave away ____________to the students.
A. beds and computers
B. clothes and books
C. desks and beds
D. beds and bags.
47. What can we learn from the second story?
A. We can hardly travel around the world if we have an old car.
B. We can travel around the world if nobody helps us.
C. We should realize our dreams if we have lots of money.
D. We should start right away if we want to realize our dream.
48. Which is TRUE about the two men in the last story?
A. It took them less than 11 hours to break the world record.
B. They were happy though they didn’t break the world record.
C. Both of them loved peace.
D. They often shook hands
[答案解析]
本文是三则新闻，内容涉及西安的志愿者为处在深山的中学捐赠床、电脑和书；来自阿根廷的Zapps 一家周游40个国家；以及悉尼的Jack Tsonis and Lindsay Morrison在国际和平日当天，通过打破长时间握手纪录的方式给世界带来更多的爱和和平。
46. 由第一段第二句可知，赠送给他们的是40 beds, 2 computers and hundreds of books，答案为A。
47.根据最后一段Do you want to see your dream come true? If so, why not start right away? 可知答案为D。
48. 根据该段倒数第二行A选择中less than是错误的；Finally they make it.可知他们成功了，所以B是错误的；D无根据；根据They both loved peace，可知答案为C。