疑问词细节who和whom的区别详解
上次特殊疑问词复习讲义中给出的特殊疑问词列表中，我提到了 whom 是 who 的宾格，这也是唯一主宾格形式有别的疑问词。以下是它们的使用范例：
Who took you to dinner last night?
谁昨晚带你去吃的晚饭？
Whom/Who did you take to dinner last night?
你昨晚带谁去吃的晚饭？
第一句中，是“谁”带“你”，“谁”是主语，用 who；第二句则是“你”带“谁”，其中“谁”是宾语，因此用 whom。
这里有一点需要注意：在绝大多数特殊疑问句中，即便疑问词作宾语，who 往往也可以和 whom 互换使用。但如果疑问词作主语，则 100% 只能使用 who，而不能用 whom。所以省心且保险的做法是，统一用 who。
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Why=For What (Reason)
Why 的意思是“为什么”，for 的意思是“为了……”，for what (reason) 的意思也就是“为了什么 (缘故)”。可以看出，意思大差不差。举个例子：
Why do you care so much about that book?
=What do you care so much about that book for?
=For what do you care so much about that book?
=For what reason do you care so much about that book?
你为什么这么在乎那本书？
注意，for what 中的介词 for 既可以放在 what 前，也可以放在句尾。为什么可以这么做呢？我们把上述例句先转换成正常的陈述句语序：
You care so much about that book for what.
可以看出，这是一个典型且普通的 主-谓-宾-状 结构的句子。但问题是，这是一个问题，所以我们需要把特殊疑问词移动到句首。那么现在就出现了两个选择：把 for what 看作一个整体，也就是一个类似于 how long、what time 的特殊疑问词组，一块儿移到前面；或者，仅仅移动 what。这两种做法都是被允许的，正是因此，for 有时在 what 前，有时又在句尾。

These days, football is one of the most popular sports in the world. Considering that Neil Armstrong wanted to take a football to the Moon, we could even say that it is also the most popular sport out of this world!
The history of the game goes back over two thousand years to ancient China. It was then known as cuju (kick ball), a game using a ball of animal skins with hair inside. Goals were hung in the air. Football as we know it today started in Great Britain, where the game was given new rules.
That football is such a simple game to play is perhaps the basis of its popularity. It is also a game that is very cheap to play. You don't need expensive equipment; even the ball doesn't have to cost much money. All over the world you can see kids playing to their hearts' content with a ball made of plastic bags, just like Pele did when he was a boy.
Another factor behind football's global popularity is the creativity and excitement on the field. It is fun enough to attract millions of people. You do not have to be a fan to recognise the skill of professional players-how they use their bodies to pass, score and defend can be amazing to see-or to feel the excitement of a game ending with a surprising twist.
What's more, football has become one of the best ways for people to communicate. It does not require words, but everyone understands it. It breaks down walls and brings people together on and off the field. Take, for example, the famous football game on Christmas Day 1914, World War I had broken out months before, but British and German soldiers put down their guns and played football together-one moment of peace to remember during years of conflict.
"Some people believe football is a matter of life and death ..." said Bill Shankly, the famous footballer and manager. "I can assure you it is much, much more important than that." This might sound funny, but one only has to think about the earth to realise that our planet is shaped like a football.
13．About the development of football, we know that ________.
A．the history of football dates back to ancient China
B．Neil Armstrong once took a football to the moon
C．the goal of ancient football was fixed on the ground
D．the rules of football have never been changed
14．According to the text, football is popular because ________.
A．Pele played football
B．it is given new rules
C．it is simple, cheap and fun to play
D．it attracts many professional players
15．What can we learn from the last two paragraphs?
A．World War I was over.
B．British soldiers wanted to win the war.
C．Football is not important.
D．Football can help people to communicate.

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